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台灣大學 112 年度 微積分(A)

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Continuous functions 3Applications of integration 1Multiple integrals 1

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110Continuous functions
Let f:[a,b]Rf : [a, b] \to \mathbb{R} be a one-to-one and continuous function. If f(a)<f(b)f(a) < f(b), show that ff is increasing.
220Applications of integration
Let Ω\Omega be the domain in the xyxy-plane bounded by the xx-axis and one arc of the cycloid
(x,y)=(θsinθ,1cosθ),θ[0,2π]. (x,y) = (\theta - \sin \theta, 1 - \cos \theta), \theta \in [0, 2\pi].
Find the volume of the solid
{(x,y,z)R3:0<z<y2,(x,y)Ω}.\{(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{R}^3 : 0 < z < y^2, (x,y) \in \Omega\}.
320Continuous functions
Suppose that the cubic equation a0+b0x+c0x2+d0x3=0a_0 + b_0 x + c_0 x^2 + d_0 x^3 = 0 has three distinct roots α0<β0<γ0\alpha_0 < \beta_0 < \gamma_0. Given ϵ>0\epsilon > 0, prove that there exists δ>0\delta > 0 such that for every (a,b,c,d)R4(a, b, c, d) \in \mathbb{R}^4 with
(aa0)2+(bb0)2+(cc0)2+(dd0)2<δ2,(a - a_0)^2 + (b - b_0)^2 + (c - c_0)^2 + (d - d_0)^2 < \delta^2,
the equation a+bx+cx2+dx3=0a + bx + cx^2 + dx^3 = 0 has three roots α\alpha, β\beta, and γ\gamma satisfying
(αα0)2+(ββ0)2+(γγ0)2<ϵ2.(\alpha - \alpha_0)^2 + (\beta - \beta_0)^2 + (\gamma - \gamma_0)^2 < \epsilon^2.
420Multiple integrals
For each ϵ(0,1)\epsilon \in (0, 1), let
Sϵ={(x,y,z)R3:ϵ<x2+y2<1,1+ϵ<z<1}.S_\epsilon = \left\{(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{R}^3 : \epsilon < \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} < 1, -1 + \epsilon < z < 1\right\}.

Evaluate
limϵ0+Sϵzx2+y2ln(1+x2+y2)dxdydz.\lim\limits_{\epsilon \to 0^+} \iiint_{S_\epsilon} \frac{z}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \ln(1 + x^2 + y^2)} dx dy dz.
530Continuous functions
Let f:RRf : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} be a bounded and continuous function. For every kNk \in \mathbb{N} and xRx \in \mathbb{R}, define
fk(x)=minyR(f(y)+kyx).f_k(x) = \min_{y \in \mathbb{R}} (f(y) + k|y - x|).
(a)10
Show that fk(x)f_k(x) is well-defined (i.e., the minimum does exist).
(b)10
Show that fk:RRf_k : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} is Lipschitz continuous.
(c)10
Prove that on every finite interval, fkf_k converges to ff uniformly as kk \to \infty.