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台灣大學 113 年度 微積分(C)

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Applications of differentiation 2Derivatives of multi-variable functions 1Multiple integrals 1

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• Any device with a computer algebra system is prohibited during the exam.
• There are FOUR questions in total. Label the question numbers clearly on your work.
• Answer all questions. You will have to show all of your calculations or reasoning to obtain credits.
115Applications of differentiation
For a point PP on a smooth plane curve CC, the osculating circle OO to CC at PP is defined to be the circle that satisfies two conditions:
(1) the circle OO and the curve CC share the same tangent line at PP;
(2) the rate of change of the slope of tangent of CC at PP equals that of OO at PP.

Now consider the curve CC: y=1x+tan(x)y = 1 - x + \tan(x) for π2<x<π2-\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \frac{\pi}{2}.
(a)5
Find dydxx=π4\frac{dy}{dx}|_{x=\frac{\pi}{4}} and d2ydx2x=π4\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}|_{x=\frac{\pi}{4}}.
(b)10
Find the center and the radius of the osculating circle OO to CC at the point whose xx-coordinate equals π4\frac{\pi}{4}.
235Applications of differentiation
Consider f(x)=1x11+t5dtf(x) = \int_1^x \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+t^5}} dt for x1x \geq 1.
(a)5
Prove that f(x)<f(y)f(x) < f(y) whenever 1x<y1 \leq x < y.
(b)10
Prove that f(x)<23f(x) < \frac{2}{3} for all x1x \geq 1 and also show that f(4)>13f(4) > \frac{1}{3}.
(c)10
Let g(u)g(u), where 0<u<f(4)0 < u < f(4), be a function such that f(g(u))=uf(g(u)) = u. Find g(u)g'(u) and g(u)g''(u) in terms of g(u)g(u).
(d)10
Let h(u)=eug(u)h(u) = e^u - g(u), where 0<u<f(4)0 < u < f(4). Prove that h(u)h(u) does not have a local minimum value.
320Derivatives of multi-variable functions
Let aRa \in \mathbb{R} and f(x,y,z)f(x,y,z), g(x,y,z)g(x,y,z) be two smooth functions R3R\mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}. Consider the optimization problem:

Maximize f(x,y,z)f(x,y,z) subject to g(x,y,z)=ag(x,y,z) = a.

Suppose, for each aRa \in \mathbb{R}, it is known that
(1) the maximum value fmax(a)f_{max}(a) of f(x,y,z)f(x,y,z) is attained at r(a)=(x(a),y(a),z(a))r(a) = (x^*(a), y^*(a), z^*(a)), i.e. fmax(a)=f(r(a))f_{max}(a) = f(r(a));
(2) there exists λ(a)R\lambda(a) \in \mathbb{R} such that f(r(a))=λ(a)g(r(a))\nabla f(r(a)) = \lambda(a) \cdot \nabla g(r(a)).

Answer the following questions.
(a)10
Prove that dfmaxda=λ(a)\frac{df_{max}}{da} = \lambda(a).
(b)10
It is known that a differentiable function f(x,y,z)f(x,y,z), when restricted to the surface z=x3+y33xy2+1z = x^3 + y^3 - 3xy^2 + 1, attains a global maximum value at (1,1,4)(-1,1,4). Moreover, fz(1,1,4)=20f_z(-1,1,4) = 20. Use linearization to estimate the change of the maximum value when f(x,y,z)f(x,y,z) is restricted to the surface z=x3+y43xy2+0.8z = x^3 + y^4 - 3xy^2 + 0.8 instead.
430Multiple integrals
Evaluate the following integrals.
(a)5
011x(1x)dx\int_0^1 \frac{1}{\sqrt{x(1-x)}} dx.
(b)5
121x5e1/x2dx\int_1^2 \frac{1}{x^5} \cdot e^{-1/x^2} dx.
(c)10
R4x2y2dA\iint_R \sqrt{4 - x^2 - y^2} dA where RR is the region enclosed by x2+y2=2xx^2 + y^2 = 2x.
(d)10
01x101ysin((z1)4)dzdydx\int_0^1 \int_{\sqrt{x}}^1 \int_0^{1-y} \sin((z-1)^4) dz dy dx.